A genealogy of open access: negotiations between openness and access to research

Open access (OA) is a contested term with a complicated history and a variety of understandings. This rich history is routinely ignored by institutional, funder and governmental policies that instead enclose the concept and promote narrow approaches to OA. This article presents a genealogy of the term open access, focusing on the separate histories that emphasise openness and reusability on the one hand, as borrowed from the open-source software and free culture movements, and accessibility on the other hand, as represented by proponents of institutional and subject repositories. This genealogy is further complicated by the publishing cultures that have evolved within individual communities of practice: publishing means different things to different communities and individual approaches to OA are representative of this fact. From analysing its historical underpinnings and subsequent development, I argue that OA is best conceived as a boundary object, a term coined by Star and Griesemer (1989) to describe concepts with a shared, flexible definition between communities of practice but a more community-specific definition within them. Boundary objects permit working relationships between communities while allowing local use and development of the concept. This means that OA is less suitable as a policy object, because boundary objects lose their use-value when ‘enclosed’ at a general level, but should instead be treated as a community-led, grassroots endeavour

Quantization of anomaly coefficients in 6D N=(1,0)\mathcal{N}=(1,0) supergravity

We obtain new constraints on the anomaly coefficients of 6D $\mathcal{N}=(1,0)$ supergravity theories using local and global anomaly cancellation conditions. We show how these constraints can be strengthened if we assume that the theory is well-defined on any spin space-time with an arbitrary gauge bundle. We distinguish the constraints depending on the gauge algebra only from those depending on the global structure of the gauge group. Our main constraint states that the coefficients of the anomaly polynomial for the gauge group $G$ should be an element of $2 H^4(BG;\mathbb{Z}) \otimes \Lambda_S$ where $\Lambda_S$ is the unimodular string charge lattice. We show that the constraints in their strongest form are realized in F-theory compactifications. In the process, we identify the cocharacter lattice, which determines the global structure of the gauge group, within the homology lattice of the compactification manifold.Comment: 42 pages. v3: Some clarifications, typos correcte

Academics: Ask not what Open Access can do for you, but what it can do for your disciplines

Arguments for and against Open Access tend to focus on the needs of individual academics. Samuel Moore argues instead that advocates should spend more time emphasising how Open Access might benefit discipline-specific aims to encourage ownership of the movement from the ground up. Focusing on the specific needs of disciplines will help academic communities assess which of their publishing practices are beneficial and which merely persist out of tradition

On the Harvard dataverse network project – an open-source tool for data sharing

The Harvard Dataverse Network is an open-source platform that facilitates data sharing. Samuel Moore outlines how this customisable initiative might be adopted by journals, disciplines and individuals

Successful strategies for the private development of workforce housing in New York City

Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Real Estate Development in Conjunction with the Center for Real Estate, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53).A lack of quality housing affordable to the average worker near employment centers has long been an issue in American cities where the private production of housing for middle income families is restricted by market forces, zoning or physical boundaries. There are approximately 2.3 million middle income households in New York who earn between 80% and 150% of the Median Family Income who are priced out of market rate housing. These households are forced to relocate elsewhere or spend a daunting percentage of their time and income on housing and/or transportation. The high cost of land, labor and materials are further exacerbated by zoning regulations and entitlement review processes to result in a prohibitively high cost of housing production. Governments across the US and in New York have developed various types of policy strategies aimed at subsidizing development and increasing the affordability of housing. This thesis provides a summary discussion and perspective on the factors that increase the cost of housing production. It then reviews the different strategies utilized in reducing these costs, both nationally and locally in New York. Next it tests each strategy's effectiveness using a case study of a proposed development project in Brooklyn, NY. Finally it discusses the effectiveness of these strategies and proposes additional ideas that could also be effective in reducing the overall cost of housing, aiding in the effort to make housing more affordable to the average worker.by Samuel R. Moore.S.M.in Real Estate Developmen

Look to the commons for the future of R&D and science policy

A feature of the research and development landscape brought to the fore by COVID-19, has been the way in which massive public investments in collaborative open scientific research have ultimately led to zero-sum competition between companies, who hold the intellectual property rights to the outputs of this work. Samuel Moore argues, following the work of Elinor Ostrom, that commons-based forms of knowledge production and exchange present a more productive and effective investment for research funds